In this paper, a full duplex Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) architecture supporting 10Gbps data transmission through single fiber cable network is proposed and demonstrated. A Non Return to Zero Differential Phase Shift Keying (NRZ-DPSK) is utilized for downstream and re-modulate the downstream signal using intensity modulator (on-off keying OOK) in Return to Zero (RZ)…

In this paper, an application of artificial neural network (ANN) using bayesian regularization (BR) learning algorithm  based on multilayer perceptron (MLP) model is presented for computing the operating frequency of C-shaped patch antennas (CPAs) in UHF band.  Firstly, the operating frequencies of 144 CPAs having varied dimensions and electrical parameters were simulated by the XFDTD…

Global warming and Climate change are commonly acknowledged as the most noteworthy environmental quandary the world is undergoing today. Contemporary studies have revealed that the Earth’s surface air temperature has augmented by 0.6°C – 0.8°C in the course of the 20th century, together with alterations in the hydrological cycle. This study focuses on detecting trends in…

Mortar is used all over the world for construction purpose. It consists of cement paste and fine aggregates and admixtures if required are also incorporated to modify some of its properties. In this study coconut fibers and human hair were used as an additive materials in the mortar and its effects on compressive strength of…

In order to characterize the waste water in Duhok valley in Duhok governorate, during 25km, seven sites were selected in Duhok valley, to represent their water quality. Monthly samples were collected from the Duhok valley for the period from, April to September, 2015. The qualitative study of Duhok valley water tested, as considered one of…

This paper presents a case study of solar irradiance and scope of on-grid solar power systems with net-metering in Pakistan. Detailed analysis of solar irradiance in Pakistan is being carried out by developing the dedicated solar excel sheets. The need of on grid solar power systems for the present energy crisis in developing countries like…

In the present study a computer model of a pumping well has been developed and calibrated by using two slave programs of Geo-Slope software, i.e. (SIGMA/W and SEEP/W). The model has been used to study the behaviour of watertable and drawdown in an aquifer during pumping. SIGMA/W program was used to compute initial pore-pressure within…

Methane found in coal seams is about 17% of total methane emissions by human activities and 8% of world’s greenhouse gases emissions. Mine methane can be generated through different streams of coal mines like degasification of underground coal mines, ventilation of air in coal seams, post mining processes and surface mining. Methane from ventilation air…