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The traditional long-term evolved (LTE) network architecture faces major challenges due to the rapid development of mobile intelligent applications. Evolved packet core (EPC) network, as the core network of the LTE system, faces the same problem as well. In this paper, we propose an innovative EPC architecture, i.e., Not only stack (NOS)-EPC, in which we…

The Cognitive Radio usage has been estimated as non-emergency service with low volume traffic. Present work proposes an infrastructure based Cognitive Radio network and probability of success of CR traffic in licensed band. The Cognitive Radio nodes will form cluster. The cluster nodes will communicate on Industrial, Scientific and Medical band using IPv6 over Low-Power…

In the smart power grid, designing an efficient and reliable communication architecture has an important role in improving efficiency, and maintaining the connectivity of different network components. The home area network (HAN) provides an energy management system in houses since it enables home energy control and monitoring. So, it is imperative to determine a HAN…

Recently, opportunistic networks are considered as one of the most attractive developments of ad hoc mobile networks (MANETs) that have emerged thanks to the development of intelligent devices. Due to the mobility-related instability of the paths between nodes and due to the limited buffer and energy resources, the ultimate objective of routing protocols in opportunistic…

Metal housing has been used extensively on portable communication devices such as on mobile phones and tablets.  The choice of metal housing ranges from metallic rim to metallic back cover.  This metal housing tends to improve the outlook appearance of the mobile devices, and add mechanical strength towards the mobile devices.  However, from the aspect…

Despite the development of the Internet and wired networks such as fiber optics, mobile networks remain the most used thanks to the mobility they offer to the user. However, data protection in these networks is more complex because of the radio channels they use for transmission. Hence,there is a need to find more sophisticated data…

This paper presents a design optimization of a dual-band branch-line coupler with stepped-impedance-stub lines. This coupler operates over 5G NR frequency bands n5 and n2, developed by 3GPP for the 5G (fifth generation) mobile network, and these two bands are centered at 0.85 GHz and 1.9 GHz respectively. To achieve the design specifications an adjusted…

Fifth generation of mobile networks (5G) comes to cope with the context of the new mobile telecommunications era. Edge computing is a new collaborative technology under standardization utilizing end-user devices or near-end-user edge devices to operate processing, communication, or control operations. The achievement of efficient error control is a very critical aspect in the successful…

Technological developments in the Internet and communications have created a vastly complex and dynamic context with diverse heterogeneous networks and fast growth of mobile devices and multimedia. As the Internet becomes the primary mode of communication for many organisations there is requirement to enhance quality of service (QoS) from heterogeneous systems and networks. Traditional networks…