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The Internet of Things (IoT) is the evolving paradigm of interconnectedness of objects with varied architectures and resources to provide ubiquitous and desired services. The popularization of IoT-connected devices facilitating evolution of IoT applications does come with security challenges. The IoT with the integration of wireless sensor networks possess a number of unique characteristics, so…

IoT integrates and connects intelligent devices or objects with varied architectures and resources. The number of IoT devices is growing exponentially. Due to the massive wave of IoT objects, their diversity and heterogeneity among their architectures, the existing communication protocols for wireless networks become ineffective in the context of IoT. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has…

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) include a large number of sensor nodes that are connected to each other with the limitations in energy sources, battery life, memory, mobility and computational capacity. Since the traditional layered architecture was appropriate only for the wired network. It works within a strict boundary that leads to more energy usage as…

Wireless sensor network is highly resource constrained, where energy efficiency and network lifetime plays a major role for its sustenance. As the sensor nodes are battery operated and deployed in hostile environments, either recharging or replacement of batteries in sensor nodes is not possible after its deployment in inaccessible areas. In such condition, energy is…

A Linear Wireless Sensor Network (LWSN) is a kind of wireless sensor network where the nodes are deployed in a line. Since the sensor nodes are energy restricted, energy efficiency becomes one of the most significant design issues for LWSNs as well as wireless sensor networks. With the proper deployment, the power consumption could be…

To implement a new secure network with high mobility and low energy consumption, we use smart sensors. These sensors are powered by micro batteries generally non rechargeable. So, to extend their lifetime, it is necessary to implement new energy conservation techniques. Existing works separate the two features (security, energy conservation) and are interested specifically in…

Wireless sensor networks are an emerging technology that is used to monitor points or objects of interest in an area. Despite its many applications, this kind of network is often limited by the fact that it is difficult to provide energy to the nodes continuously, forcing the use of batteries, which restricts its operations. Network…

Worldwide, the epidemiological situation is constantly changing and with the exponential increase in the number of confirmed coronavirus cases, the number of health care workers has decreased significantly and this is due to the direct and daily contact of patients. One of the major challenges of the last few months is to prevent the spread…

Everyone needs fast response or output against its request or need. Therefore, technologies are used to make the processing fast and accurate according to our needs. But in some situations, still we need to do more. Especially, when we need to process a massive or huge crowd of people in limited time frame such as…

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are having large demands in enormous applications for the decade. The main issue in WSNs is estimating the exact location of unknown nodes. All applications are dependent on the location information of unknown nodes in WSNs. Location information of mobile anchor node is used to estimate the location of unknown nodes.…

Data aggregation, gathering and gossiping are all vital communication tasks in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). When all networking devices are always active, scheduling algorithms for these communication tasks have been extensively investigated under both the protocol and physical interference models. However, wireless devices usually switch between the sleep state and the active state for the…

The use of wireless sensor networks (WSN) can be a valuable contribution in disaster situations or life-threatening exploration. Using wireless mobile robots, it is possible to explore vast areas without human intervention. However, the wireless network coverage that can keep mobile robots connected to the base station / gateway is a major limitation. With this…

Advances in the world of communications and information technology, as well as the urgent necessity to monitor particular areas and regions, have led to a considerable and influential development in the world of wireless sensor nodes. As they are small, low-cost multi-purpose nodes with limited energy and capabilities. The most important points that deserve research…

The Internet of Things (IoT) application has been experiencing increasingly progressive demand, especially for embedded devices (ED). However, the ED has limited capabilities, low power consumption resources, and low bandwidth in connecting to the Internet by using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Therefore, the WSNs form creates a necessity for new technologies and protocols for the…

Dithering or error diffusion is a technique used to obtain a binary image, suitable for printing, from a grayscale one. At each step, the algorithm computes an allowed value of a pixel from a grayscale one, applying a threshold and, therefore, causing a conversion error. To obtain the optical illusion of a continuous tone, the…

Technologies are growing with the passage of time and providing solutions for the existing problems. One of such problems is to manage the crowd according to available capacity. Especially when the crowd density is dynamic because of dynamic position of the persons (Pilgrims). Not only dynamic position of the pilgrims makes crowd capacity dynamic but…

This research paper portraits the technique to determine location of submerged nodes with Cayley-Menger determinant and associated problems with non-parallel states. Cayley-Menger determinant is considered to be the usual means to determine the coordinates of the nodes with a single node where the plane of beacon i.e. beacon’s surfing plane and the plane created by…

In recent years, several projects which are supported by information and communications technologies (ICT) have been developed in the agricultural domain to promote more precise agricultural activities. These projects account for different kinds of key ICT terms such as internet of things (IoT), wireless sensors networks (WSN), cloud computing (CC). These projects are used for…

This paper proposes a new classification model distinguishing four classes of attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) namely: attacks based on the protocol stack, on the capability of the attacker, on the attack impacts and on the attack target. Then, it presents and classifies the most known attacks in WSNs based the proposed model. Simulations…

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are considered to be the currently flourishing scientific domain, thereby found to be applicable in numerous industrial and domestic applications. As per the mathematical results in Pulse-coupled oscillator (PCO), it has been predicted that, numerous iterations are needed for convergence, leading to increased power consumption. Biologically inspired solutions are greatly applicable…

Recently, wireless sensor network (WSN) gets more concern due to the robustness in the latest communication technology iteration such as big data, IoT and 5G. Such daily usage of these technologies includes smart home, smart farming, smart traffic control etc. Moreover, WSN becomes the best preference for mobile objects in data accumulating in a wild…

Network security challenges due to nearly limitless internet connectivity, platform limitations, ubiquitous nodal mobility and huge data transactions is burgeoning by the day and the need for transcend Internet of Things (IoT) based cloud security authentication protocols is on an exponential rise. Even though many secure classic layered security mechanisms are available for implementation, they…

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) are extensively used to explore the diverse marine environment. Energy efficiency is one of the main concerns regarding performance of UWSNs. In a cooperative wireless sensor network, nodes with no energy are known as coverage holes. These coverage holes are created due to non-uniform energy utilization by the sensor nodes…

One of the most important roles of the wireless sensor networks (WSN) is to avoid wiring costs, be self-sustainable and be able to function for several years. However, due to the slow progress in battery technology, power continues to be a limited resource in wireless sensor communication and electric energy storage remains to be an…

Application-oriented Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) promises to be one of the most useful technologies of this century. However, secure communication between nodes in WSNs is still an unresolved issue. In this context, we propose two protocols (i.e. Optimal Secure Path (OSP) and Sub-optimal Secure Path (SSP)) to minimize the outage probability of secrecy capacity in…