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The attributes of the vehicle routing problem (VRP) are as many additional characteristics or constraints which aim to better take into account the specificities of real application cs. The variants of the VRP thus formed are the support of an extremely rich literature, comprising an immense variety of heuristics. This article constitutes an industrial application…

Given the strict Quality of Experience (QoE) and Quality of Service (QoS) criteria for video transmission, such as delivery ratio, transmission delay, and mean opinion Score (MOS), video streaming is one of the hardest challenges in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs). Additionally, VANET attributes, including environmental impediments, fluctuating vehicle density, and highly dynamic topology, have an…

The Internet of Things (IoT) is the evolving paradigm of interconnectedness of objects with varied architectures and resources to provide ubiquitous and desired services. The popularization of IoT-connected devices facilitating evolution of IoT applications does come with security challenges. The IoT with the integration of wireless sensor networks possess a number of unique characteristics, so…

The Nodes equipped with wireless technology cooperate in an autonomous and instantaneous way to form a mobile ad hoc network. It turns out that several factors make this type of network vulnerable to various security threats. Considering the sensitivity of user data routed through nodes, routing security should be a priority in mobile ad hoc…

A significant problem of routing protocols in the Flying Ad Hoc Networks (FANET) is a significant overhead cost due to the high mobility of networking nodes. The problem is caused by a need to send information messages about locations of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In order to reduce the amount of service information, the following…

The demand on livestock as a source of protein is increasing with the dramatic increase of world population which approaches 8 billion. As a result, the monitoring of the performance of livestock breeding is becoming essential. The technique which could increase livestock production and improve the efficiency of operation is digitalization of livestock management .…

IoT integrates and connects intelligent devices or objects with varied architectures and resources. The number of IoT devices is growing exponentially. Due to the massive wave of IoT objects, their diversity and heterogeneity among their architectures, the existing communication protocols for wireless networks become ineffective in the context of IoT. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has…

Wireless sensor network is highly resource constrained, where energy efficiency and network lifetime plays a major role for its sustenance. As the sensor nodes are battery operated and deployed in hostile environments, either recharging or replacement of batteries in sensor nodes is not possible after its deployment in inaccessible areas. In such condition, energy is…

Over time, several routing protocols have been suggested for use in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs). Because of availability of so many MANETs routing protocols, network engineers and administrators face difficulties in identifying an appropriate routing protocol for a particular scenario. This challenge results from the unavailability of adequate technical analytic studies designed to examine…

In this paper, the vulnerabilities and the security attacks against vehicular networks, SDN architecture and some security solutions for SDVN are studied. Secondly, a complete and improved version of the secure HSDN-GRA routing protocol based on a distributed trust model is proposed where public keys of the vehicles are managed in a distributed way. Besides,…

VANET as a subclass of MANET is composed of a set of vehicles equipped with wireless transceivers, to build dynamic networks without the need of any pre-existing infrastructure. Over the last few decades, the area of routing protocols in VANETs has been extensively studied. Nevertheless, this area remains even more challenging due to some features…

Recently, opportunistic networks are considered as one of the most attractive developments of ad hoc mobile networks (MANETs) that have emerged thanks to the development of intelligent devices. Due to the mobility-related instability of the paths between nodes and due to the limited buffer and energy resources, the ultimate objective of routing protocols in opportunistic…

The Citrix NetScaler CPX, is one of the many Application Delivery Controllers (ADCs), which is used mainly for load balancing between the application servers in a datacenter network. ADCs are typically placed in the demilitarized zone in an organization’s network, handling the connectivity of the external clients to the organization’s servers. While performing load balancing…

In Opportunistic Mobile social networks (OMSNs), the social characteristics and behavior of humans carrying mobile devices are exploited to improve information provision and data routing in the network. Social-based routing algorithms attempt to exploit users’ social features such as similarity, centrality and betweenness, singularly or combined, to select a suitable relay node among neighbors. However,…

Our research deals with the single-vehicle routing problem (VRP) with multi-shift and fuzzy uncertainty. In such a problem, a company constantly uses one vehicle to serve demand over a scheduling period of different work shifts. Our issue relies on a routing problem in maintenance jobs, where a crew executes jobs in different sites. The crew…

Selection of a routing protocol is vital for modern arena of Internet communication as network traffic and network complexities are rapidly increasing. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of three routing protocols namely routing information protocol version 2 (RIPv2), open shortest path first (OSPF), enhanced interior gateway routing protocol (EIGRP), and hybrid protocols based on these…

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) are extensively used to explore the diverse marine environment. Energy efficiency is one of the main concerns regarding performance of UWSNs. In a cooperative wireless sensor network, nodes with no energy are known as coverage holes. These coverage holes are created due to non-uniform energy utilization by the sensor nodes…

Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are still more challenging to overcome even if they have been widely studied during the last decades. The routing mechanism is the essentially relevant issue in this field. Indeed, it must strictly to be adapted to specific and unique characteristics such as the high mobility of the vehicles, the dynamic nature…

Scientists succeeded in implementing conventional public switch telephone network (PSTN) into internet protocol by launching H.323 IP telephony. The irrelevant and unknown captions in H.323, computer scientists have replaced H.323 by Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) for Voice-over-IP (VoIP). However, the security of voice communication over IP is still a major concern. Besides, security and performance…

Fiber-Wireless (FiWi) network is an integration of fiber optic and wireless connections in the same network. It is one of the best solutions to overcome rapid increment of Internet users and bandwidth-hungry services. To facilitate fundamental knowledge and further understanding on FiWi for students and researchers at the university level, this article proposes the development…

Advances in the world of communications and information technology, as well as the urgent necessity to monitor particular areas and regions, have led to a considerable and influential development in the world of wireless sensor nodes. As they are small, low-cost multi-purpose nodes with limited energy and capabilities. The most important points that deserve research…

The Internet of Things (IoT) application has been experiencing increasingly progressive demand, especially for embedded devices (ED). However, the ED has limited capabilities, low power consumption resources, and low bandwidth in connecting to the Internet by using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Therefore, the WSNs form creates a necessity for new technologies and protocols for the…

The heath-care sector has confronted significant difficulties in the past few years due to several issues such as insufficient human resources, budget cuts, and shortage of equipment and drugs. The logistics in the health-care sector take an extensive part of the budget, especially since it is the main axis to provide the hospital’s pharmacies with…

Since the release of of the IPv6 Routing protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks by the IETF ROLL working group, several enhancement schemes were proposed. In fact, They aim to extend the network lifetime, reduce congestion, mitigate end to end delay and moderate energy consumption. In fact, considering the vast area of Low-Power and Lossy…

Ad-Hoc networks are self-organized wireless networks. Finding a secure and efficient route leading from a specific source node to an intended destination node is one of the serious concerns in mobile Ad-Hoc networks. ARANz is one of the significant protocols that has been proposed for such networks. ARANz implements the authentication methods used with the…