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Fair allocation of risks in conditions of contract is pivotal for coordination, unhindered execution, dispute resolution and maintenance of positive relationship among the parties executing the contract. Pakistani construction industry despite subcontracting a large percentage of construction projects lacks standard conditions of subcontract and they are primarily based on the will of the prime contractor…

This paper is an outcome of a case study conducted at the Universiti Teknologi Brunei in order to measure students’ perceptions of the library services offered in the university library. The main objectives were to identify the purpose of the library visit and to find out the service quality of university library, to determine whether…

Visual analysis of human behavior is a broad field within computer vision.  In this field of work, we are interested in dynamic methods in the analysis of crowd behavior which consist in detecting the abnormal entities in a group in a dense scene. These scenes are characterized by the presence of a great number of…

This paper presents a comparative study of using different color systems on watermarking algorithms. This comparison aim is to determining the robustness and the stability of the color systems used in the watermarking scheme. The watermarking algorithm that is used in this paper is a hybrid scheme using the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) in the…

Geo-fencing (geofencing) is a great feature in a software program that uses Global Positioning System (GPS) or radio frequency identification (RFID) to define the geographical boundaries feature. Actually geofence is a virtual barrier. Geofencing is an innovative technology, an online marketplace for proactive contextual services that allows users to easily find interesting services, can easily…

The consumption of electric power has increased significantly in the past few years, and its demand is still increasing every day. In this regard, its proper distribution is a significant challenge. This paper includes a method not only to improve the existing power distribution by using SCADA but also to reduce the human errors from…

This manuscript focuses on a hybrid power system combining a solar photovoltaic array and energy storage system based on hydrogen technology (fuel cell, hydrogen tank and electrolyzer) and battery. The complete architecture is connected to the national grid through power converters to increase the continuity of power. The proposed a hybrid power system is designed…

Over the years, pneumatic systems have recorded a remarkable performance in automated applications, based on their cost to efficiency ratio and ease of energy transmission.  Therefore, their drawback of not being totally controllable devices in terms of position accuracy, still represents a challenge task for engineers. In this paper, a traditional three term controller (PID)…

This paper presents a case study of solar irradiance and scope of on-grid solar power systems with net-metering in Pakistan. Detailed analysis of solar irradiance in Pakistan is being carried out by developing the dedicated solar excel sheets. The need of on grid solar power systems for the present energy crisis in developing countries like…

In depth study focusing to ascertain the effect of different rates of Zinc (Zn) fertilization in improving the quality and yield of Guava fruit was carried out at Gharo, Sindh – Pakistan during year 2014-15. The outcome of the research revealed that there was no significant effect on the yield as well as quality, without…

In the present study a computer model of a pumping well has been developed and calibrated by using two slave programs of Geo-Slope software, i.e. (SIGMA/W and SEEP/W). The model has been used to study the behaviour of watertable and drawdown in an aquifer during pumping. SIGMA/W program was used to compute initial pore-pressure within…

Methane found in coal seams is about 17% of total methane emissions by human activities and 8% of world’s greenhouse gases emissions. Mine methane can be generated through different streams of coal mines like degasification of underground coal mines, ventilation of air in coal seams, post mining processes and surface mining. Methane from ventilation air…