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Massive integration of inverter dominated renewable energy systems (RESs), i.e., wind turbines (WTs), reduces the reliance on conventional alternator-based power stations. The system inertia and damping aspects of the power system were significantly decreased by this extensive integration of inverter-based WT system, which impacts on the fault ride-through (FRT) competence and thus precipitates the frequency…

While it is commonly accepted that climate change needs to be addressed to protect both human and environmental health, it is not widely understood what steps need to be taken to accomplish this daunting task. Additionally, there is currently no formal definition of what constitutes a ‘green’ company or ‘green’ best practice, despite the rising…

The impact of previous energy crisis gives an insight into what happens when the oil price crashes. Μany countries were affected due the slow reaction in boosting the economic growth in key sectors such as oil-importing activities and the economic restructuring progress to face the challenges. But the present energy crisis resulting from the COVID-19…

The transmission network has been considered among the globe’s prevalent complex systems, comprised of hundreds of electrical transmission lines and other equipment used to transmit electrical energy from one location to another. Over a decade, power engineers have worked tirelessly to ensure that the transmission network operates reliably, transmitting electrical energy from the power station…

Sustainable energy is gradually becoming the norm today due to greenhouse warming effects; as a result, the quests for different renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic cells as well as energy efficient electrical appliances are becoming popular. Therefore, this article explores the alternative energy case for thermoelectricity with focus on the steady-state mathematics, mixed modelings…

In the last decade, South Africa has attracted and attained more investment by means of the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme (REI4P), which is, a structured invitation to Independent Power Producers (IPPs) to submit a bid to generate and supply power to the electrical grid. In spite of REI4P’s undeniable triumph, a much-discussed…

Distributed Solar Photovoltaic (DSP) Plants are one of the fastest growing renewable energy systems in South Africa. The primary components forming an integral part of the point of common coupling (PCC) are, the inverter used to convert dc voltage to ac voltage and step-up transformers which step-up low voltage input to the desired output level.…

Fuel Cells (FCs) and Combined Cooling, Heating and Power (CCHP) systems are becoming very popular due to their environmental friendliness and immense applications. This extended review paper commenced by introducing the rampant South Africa’s electricity crisis as the basis for the study, followed by some structural analyses of up to forty-four miscellaneous power electronics converters…

South Africa is aiming to achieve a generation capacity of about 11.4GW through wind energy systems, which will contribute nearly 15.1% of the country’s energy mix by 2030. Wind energy is one of the principal renewable energy determinations by the South African government, owing to affluent heavy winds in vast and remote coastal areas. In…

In vital energy applications especially the agricultural environments, the service of adaptive power utilization plays an essential role in facilitating the usage of Internet of Things systems. Such environments are distinguished by the large range of lands where most of the region lacks the commercial power lines. Reaching some high or deep sensing points is…

Power converters are electronic devices widely applied in industry, and in recent years, for renewable energy electronic systems, they can regulate voltage levels and actuate as interfaces, however, to do so, is needed a controller. Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) are applied to power converters comparing output voltage versus a reference voltage to reduce and anticipate error. Using…

Due to the advent of cloud computing and Internet of Things, smart meters have become a crucial part of smart cities. Smart meters generate vast amounts of fine-grained data that can immediately provide useful information to electricity consumers, such as automatic billing, load monitoring, and dynamic time pricing. This will make the electricity consumers more…

In order to balance the power in intelligent distribution networks (Smart Grid or Microgrid), it is proposed to organize a «multi operated virtual power plant». The resources of active and reactive power for which can be obtained using an AC voltage controller with a phase-angle control for regulation of operating modes of the ohmic load…

In the recent times power shortage has been a major setback to deal for the effective operation of power systems. Bridging the gap between generation and demand is known as Demand Side Management (DSM). For an effective DSM strategy to be implemented, it is crucial that both utility and customers be involved. By DSM, the…

The performance ratio (PR) based on IEC 61724 standard is calculated under the influence of seasonal variations and the capability of the system. On the other hand, The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) of the U.S. Department of Energy proposed the weather-corrected performance ratio (PRcorr). This PRcorr index calculates the performance of the PV system…

Estimation Solar radiation is the most significant part of the optimization of solar power. This may be achieved if the solar radiation is predicted well in advance. Meteorological stations have radiation measuring devices like pyranometer, pyrheliometer, radiometer, solarimeter, etc. however, it may not be available at the location of interest for researchers. Due to this…

Rural electrification and sustainable energy services to the less privileged is à major challenge faced in Nigeria. Off-grid power generation via small hydropower plant would mitigate this challenge. This Paper discusses the awareness and assessment of small hydro power for off-grid electrification in rural/isolated areas in Nigeria. In this research, the method of onsite data…

The demand for renewable energy sources such as waste pyrolysis plastic oil (WPPO), ethanol biofuel with high oxygen content is increasing globally. This study used blending of conventional diesel oil, waste plastic pyrolysis oil, ethanol and 2-ethyl hexyl nitrate (EHN) as additive. The purpose was to improve combustion, the ignition quality, and performance and emission…

The Malaysian government has recently announced to increase the share of renewable energy generation from 2% to 20% of the total electricity consumption by year 2030. However, integrating a significant level of renewable energy sources on the distribution network without proper coordination will cause adverse effects that leads to unnecessary operation costs to the stakeholders.…

As the contribution from renewable energy sources increase, the power quality degradation has become a challenge for the power system operator. There are major two factors causing power quality deterioration. First is the current harmonic generation by the power electronic converters used in renewable energy sources, and second is the magnification of harmonic voltage due…

This paper critically evaluates the operational perspective of Virtual Power Plants (VPP) in Germany by analyzing key factors to replace conventional power plants in the future power system. Therefore, its necessity for the secure operation as well as the technical and economic benefits for the German power system are pointed out. The single sections describe…

At present in Mexico, the renewable energy has become more important due to the great dependence of the country for fossil fuels. Within the several applications of renewable energy, there are the geothermal applications for the air conditioning of spaces. This technology employs heat pumps that interexchange heat with the ground. This technology is relatively…

Developments in power electronics have enabled the widespread application of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) inverters, notably for obtaining electricity from renewable systems. This paper critical review the previous studies in designing stand-alone inverter and modelling the inverter with two control loops to improve and provide a high-quality power of a stand-alone inverter. Multi-loop control techniques…