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The control of the air-fuel ratio (AFR) is critical for the efficiency of the combustion. This is for achieving the better performance of the plant and result in high output energy. Computation of the AFR is gone considering the composition of the fuel regardless of the inlet pressure, density ad temperature of both fuel and…

In high voltage engineering, air is the one insulation gas that can ionized cause by electrical discharge. Air consisted of many gases such as O2, N2, CO2, H2, etc. In order to study the characteristic of the insulation gas, we can apply density functional theory (DFT) to determine gas ionization level such as charge distribution…

In this work, kaolin powder was filled in PP/LDPE blend as the filler with the amount from 0 to 14 wt%. The ratio of PP/LDPE was fixed as 50/50 in all the experiments. The tensile strength, impact strength, and hardness were investigated in according with ASTM. The results showed that the tensile strength of PP/LDPE…

Clustering is one of the well-known unsupervised learning methods that groups data into homogeneous clusters, and has been successfully used in various applications. Fuzzy C-Means(FCM) is one of the representative methods in fuzzy clustering. In FCM, however, cluster centers tend leaning to high density area because the sum of Euclidean distances in FCM forces high…

In regions like the African equatorial region, where ground-based sensors like ionosondes and incoherent scatter radars are limited, satellite-based radio occultation (RO) observations offer a new alternative for ionospheric data collecting and optimization. Using RO measurements from the mostly newly launched COSMIC-2 (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate-2) mission, hence, the equatorial Africa,…

Text line segmentation from document images is a significant challenge in the field of document image analysis. It involves extracting individual text lines from Myanmar handwritten document images to enable text recognition. This task becomes particularly challenging in Myanmar handwritten documents, especially those with irregular or cursive writing styles, due to variations in line spacing,…

As a result of rising expectations for quality, the employment of advanced technical requirements for future fifth-generation (5G) new radio is required. The error-correction coding method is one of the most important components of a new generation. The 5G NR New Radio Low-Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes, which have been adopted by the 5G standard,…

In this study, we conducted an experimental study and efficiency optimization of the outer rotor (hub) BLDC (brushless direct current) motor and axial BLDC motor for light electric vehicles. Both motors were investigated in the simulation environment and experimentally. The axial flux BLDC motor had a rated power of 10 KW, and a rated speed…

The article presents a simulation of obstacle detection based on noise-free optical flow images for motion control of mobile robots. The detection of hazardous areas in optical flow images is accomplished by dividing multiple layers of optical flow vectors into equal parts. Based on the results of calculating the average magnitude of the vectors in…

Given the strict Quality of Experience (QoE) and Quality of Service (QoS) criteria for video transmission, such as delivery ratio, transmission delay, and mean opinion Score (MOS), video streaming is one of the hardest challenges in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs). Additionally, VANET attributes, including environmental impediments, fluctuating vehicle density, and highly dynamic topology, have an…

Nigeria has one of the highest deforestation rates in the world, due mainly to felling of trees for fuelwood and charcoal production. This challenge could be managed if agricultural waste briquettes are used to augment the fuelwood demand for cooking energy provisioning. Energy density of biomass fuels can be raised by blending with coal, but…

In Al0.35Ga0.65As/GaAs/Al0.25Ga0.75As quantum wells, the hole-confined polar optical phonon interaction is investigated. To calculate the valence band structure, we use the Luttinger-Kohn Hamiltonian with the k.p method. Within the dielectric continuum model, the hole-confined phonon scattering rates of intrasubband heavy holes in quantum well are calculated. It is found that the scattering rates are governed…

Various applications have helped make vehicular Ad-hoc network communication a reality. Real-time applications, for example, need broadcasting in high video quality with minimal latency. The new High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) has shown great promise for real-time video transmission through Vehicle Ad-hoc Networks due to its high compression level. These networks, on the other hand, have…

The data distribution used in model training is assumed to be similar with that when the model is applied. However, in some applications, data distributions may change over time. This situation is called the concept drift, which might decrease the model performance because the model is trained and evaluated in different distributions. To solve this…

Wireless sensor networks are an emerging technology that is used to monitor points or objects of interest in an area. Despite its many applications, this kind of network is often limited by the fact that it is difficult to provide energy to the nodes continuously, forcing the use of batteries, which restricts its operations. Network…

The energy states, transitions chances, oscillator intensities, and collision intensities were computed with FAC (fully relativistic flexible atomic code) program. The calculated results were utilized for identification of the reduced population to sixty-nine thin structural states in C-like Zn (XXV) and indicates the gain coefficients with several electron densities (from 10+20 to 10+22 cm3) and…

Estimation of optimal Air or oxygen is important for the combustion process to be efficient and produce more energy. This is to be based on each component of the fuel and the air, considering their respective pressure and density. At first, this research investigates the role of , ,  present in combination with , and…

In this investigation, an integrated physics-informed deep learning and topology optimization approach for solving density-based topology designs is presented to accomplish efficiency and flexibility. In every iteration, the neural network generates feasible topology designs, and then the topology performance is evaluated using the finite element method. Unlike the data-driven methods where the loss functions are…

The importance of rare earth resources is increasing and a lot of investigations are conducting all over the world. As a result, it was discovered that abundant deep-sea mud contained rare-earth elements on the deep-sea floor. The suction mining method can be one of the effective seabed mining methods to recover these seafloor sediments. However,…

In this paper, we investigate and analyze parameters degradation in a typical photovoltaic (PV) cell, which lead to power loss under dark as well as light condition using measured current-voltage (I-V) data. A nonlinear least squares method to extract the parameters such as the reverse saturation currents, the ideality factors, the series and shunt resistances…

Graphene oxide (GO) was prepared by the modified Hummer’s method, but the mass ratio of graphite to sodium nitrate (NaNO3) was varied from 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2. The primary reason for the variation was to determine the optimum conditions that would afford more oxygen functional groups to improve the material for application in adsorption. The…

We consider the estimation of empirical probability distributions, both discrete and continuous. We focus on deriving formulas to estimate number of categories for the discrete distribution, when the number of categories is hidden, and the means and methods to estimate the number of components in the Gaussian mixture model representing a probability density function given…

Atmospheric pressure plasma was used to treat polypropylene (PP) surfaces. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) was used to determine the chemical species formed in the plasma as well as the electron temperature and density of the plasma. The flux of species (O and OH) produced during the plasma treatment interact with the polymer surface creating polar…

Despite that groundwater is an important and vital water resource, it is not well managed; depletion of aquifers around the world due to overexploitation is of serious concern especially in arid regions where the situation is much more alarming. Tafilalet plain in Morocco which belongs to this type of environment is certainly no exception and…

Technologies are growing with the passage of time and providing solutions for the existing problems. One of such problems is to manage the crowd according to available capacity. Especially when the crowd density is dynamic because of dynamic position of the persons (Pilgrims). Not only dynamic position of the pilgrims makes crowd capacity dynamic but…