1. Introduction

The company, as an open system, pursues a certain number of objectives that are in the interest of the stakeholders such as: management, shareholders, customers, suppliers, etc. Therefore, it is a place where convergent and contradictory interests are located. To do this, it is led to produce information that responds to the various concerns it raises, hence the emergence of Information Technology (IT).

At a time of globalization, privatization and increased information, the use of New Technologies of Information and Communication (NTIC) has been proven and recognized as an essential investment solution to ensure the evolution and development of companies [1].

From this point, ERP is presented like an IT application that is part of production management, because it contributes to the simplification of certain constraints through computerization of information systems facilitating the exchange and posting of information between employees and different departments of the company.

From this point, ERP is presented like an IT application that is part of production management, because it contributes to the simplification of certain constraints through computerization of information systems facilitating the exchange and posting of information between employees and different departments of the company.

ERP is an evolution of Manufacturing Resource Planning 2 (MRP2) which appeared in the early 1970s in the United States. MRP2 was intended for production planning from industrial and commercial planning to production monitoring.

It is a configurable software built around a single database, capable of covering the majority of the information processing needs of the company’s various functions thanks to a set of compatible modules.

If it is well mastered, an ERP can be a source of important competitive advantage since it will allow an optimal management of all the company’s information and a cross-referencing of data from the different departments that make up the company. On this point, the implementation of ERP in companies develops the control, effectiveness and efficiency of operations and strategic decision-making [2].

In Morocco, the first major ERP projects were initiated as early as 1995. Large companies and public bodies have made use of this technology, such as Office Cherifien of Phosphates (OCP), National Office of Electricity (ONE) and National Office of Drinking Water (ONEP). In the last decade, ERP have shown a significant increase [3]. Companies of all sizes are making investments in ERP implementations in order to anticipate the positive impacts on their organization. Studying the impact of ERP on business performance is becoming an important criterion to justify the associated investments.

In this sense, our objective is to study the internal reliability of a questionnaire that measures the impact of ERP on the performance of Moroccan companies.

2. Materials and methods

This cross-sectional study took place between January and April 2020. The study was mainly based on a questionnaire on the impact of ERP on the performance of Moroccan companies with the aim of validating it. The population studied includes Moroccan companies from different sectors of activity.

The literature review concerning the impact of ERP on business performance us to use a scale of 15 items [4]-[6]. The latter were submitted to the professors of higher education for their scientific advice and to a linguist to judge the comprehensibility of the items because this scale will be intended for an Arab-French speaking population. They are spread over 3 dimensions:

• Economic performance : 7 items
• Organizational performance : 5 items
• Human Performance : 3 items

The items corresponding to each dimension were measured using Likert scales with five degrees:

• The first degree is : Very low
• The second degree is : Low
• The third degree is: Medium
• The fourth degree is: High
• The fifth degree is: Very high

Similarly, we conducted a questionnaire containing questions on statutes, motivations and opinions. Data confidentiality was entrusted to the respondents by the anonymity of the participant.

In our study, the internal reliability of a questionnaire was assessed by measuring the internal consistency of the different scales. Internal consistency, which reflects how items on the same scale are interrelated, was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. A Cronbach’s alpha coefficient greater than 0.70 indicated good internal consistency of the scales [7]. Since the number of items constituting a dimension influences the value of Cronbach’s alpha. The standardized Cronbach’s alpha was presented for each scale.

Cronbach’s alpha was also used in the item reduction step [7]. This step allows the questionnaire to be as short as possible while retaining the items that contribute the most to the scales. The Cronbach’s alpha was generated for each scale by considering all but one item. This procedure was carried out for each scale by excluding each item in turn. When the value of Cronbach’s alpha increases with the deletion of an item, this indicates that this item correlates poorly with the other items of its scale. Such an item is then excluded from the questionnaire. Next, exploratory factor analyzes were performed. Statistical analysis were done by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, version 21) [8]. The data collected were therefore the subject of exploratory analyzes to determine the  dimensionality of the scale. Principal Component Factor Analysis (PCF) is the most efficient method for synthesizing information and uncovering the underlying structure of a concept since it is a method for analyzing multi-variate data. Which makes it possible to simultaneously explore the relationships that exist between several variables studied [8].

In our study we used the Kayser Meyer Olkin (KMO) test. A KMO of less than 0.5 is unacceptable, 0.5 is low, more than 0.6 is acceptable, 0.7 is average, 0.8 is meritorious and 0.9 is excellent [9] and Bartlett’s sphericity test to assess the potential effectiveness of the PCR studied. For a factor analysis to be feasible the Bartlett test must be significant (p < 0.05) [10].

3. Results

3.1. Description of the study population

The socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the 41 enterprises that participated in the study are presented in Table 1. Most of the companies that participated in this study are service companies. Only 27 companies surveyed have an ERP and two companies are planning to implement it. The latter can be justified by the high cost of the ERP. (Figure 1)

Table 1: Description of Study Population

Figure 1: Critics of using ERP

3.2. Validation of the questionnaire

• Internal reliability of items

The reliability of the measurement scale is checked by calculating the Cronbach’s alpha for each dimension and for all items. (Table 2)

The reliability indices of the dimensions used in our study are well above 0.7. They are between 0.87 and 0.95. Cronbach’s alpha is satisfactory, so there is homogeneity and correlation between the different dimensions of the questionnaire, they can be added together to form a scale score.

As for the total scale, the Cronbach’s alpha value of all items was 0.96, which presents a good reliability.

As shows in Table 3, the results of the variables that best explain the impact of ERP on business performance.

After having completed the internal validity study in which we were able to exhaustively determine the variables most influencing the impact of ERP on business performance, we continue our study by processing the matrix of correlations between the 15 selected items.

Table 2: Cronbach alphas of items and dimensions based on the results of SPSS

Table 3: Internal reliability based on the results of SPSS

• Factor analysis

To make a factorial analysis of the questionnaire we took into consideration the value of the KMO index and the Barlett’s test of sphericity.

For our study, the KMO index was 0.7 > 0.5 which shows an acceptable value to do the factor analysis, thus the Bartlett’s sphericity test is highly significant. (Table 4)

To study the factorial structure of the collected data, we opted for Principal Component Analysis (PCA), which was carried out with varimax rotation on all the items of the questionnaire.

Table 4: Cronbach alphas of items and dimensions based on the results of SPSS

• Correlation matrix

We took into account 15 items used to assess the impact of ERP on business performance in order to design the correlation matrix as a quick way to estimate the internal consistency of the items. This will give 105 correlation coefficients.

The average correlation by averaging 105 coefficients is 0.655. More specifically, it turns out that the most important ration is 0.923 and the least important ratio is 0.318 (Table 5)

Table 5: Correlation Matrix based on the results of SPSS

3.3. Reasons for implementing an ERP system

Among the reasons for implementing an ERP, the reason to Harmonize their information system is in the lead with 32%, followed by the reason to Improve their performance and make their work easier with 28% (Figure 2).

Figure 2: Main reasons for implementing an ERP system

4. Discussion

The objective of this study was to propose a scale that helps managers to measure the impact of ERP on the performance of Moroccan companies, which is reliable and has scientifically valid and satisfactory psychometric qualities, and which helps managers to measure the impact of ERP. Based on Churchill’s paradigm [11]-[13].

The implementation of an ERP can generate benefits related to administrative productivity [14], such as: Optimization of the cost of ownership and elimination of reconciliation, correction and consolidation tasks [15]. For this reason, ERP can be a major tool to improve the overall functioning of the company and strengthen its performance [14]. According to our study 35% of the respondents used ERP to improve their performance.

The literature on performance measurement is broader than the literature on performance management [16]. The economic performance of an entity is measured on the basis of the change in business activity and the return on investments and sales. It can also come from an informed analysis of the income statement [17]. Organizational performance is the way in which the company is organized to achieve its objectives [18]. Human performance is analyzed through the results obtained by the employees, these results are expressed by the wealth created, the added value produced [19].

The implementation of ERP in Moroccan companies is recent, however, few studies that assess their impact on the performance of companies and this is what we notice in the literature and the work already done. Therefore, our work can be considered as the first study carried out on the validation of the internal reliability of a questionnaire on the impact of ERP.

In order to test the internal reliability of a questionnaire, marketing researchers, especially those from other social sciences, are in the habit of comparing the value of the estimated Cronbach’s alpha coefficient to a conventional threshold set at ά ≥ 0.70. Nevertheless, there are authors who have criticized this practice such as Peterson, 1994; Vos, Stem and Fotopoulos, 2000; Duhachek, Coughlan and Iacobucci, 2005 [20]. Indeed, the threshold ά ≥ 0.70 is only an empirical threshold because of the lack of statistical distributions to conclude whether Cronbach’s alpha is acceptable or not [21].

However, thanks to the efforts of several psychometricians, the researchers were able to make statistical inferences about the distribution of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and its confidence interval [22]-[25].

Overall, the statistical analysis shows that the questionnaire on the impact of ERP on business performance meets several validity criteria. In our study, the internal reliability of the questionnaire was significant with a Cronbach’s index of 0.969.

Although it was considered reasonable, we studied the internal validity in which we found that almost all the items retained their deletion leads to a decrease in Cronbach’s alpha value, except for two items (Increases Sales and Increases Market Share) their deletion has no effect on Cronbach’s alpha value [26], [27].

The correlation matrix shows that all the items are sufficiently correlated (r > 0.4) for us to consider that they measure the same construct, which is the impact of ERP on the company’s performance.

5. Conclusions

In summary, we have demonstrated that the questionnaire on the impact of ERP on business performance has satisfactory reliability. Consistent with our expectation, all three dimensions show statistically significant correlations. Future validation studies will need to examine confidence interval and test-retest reliability.

Abbreviations

ERP: Enterprise Resource Planning;

IT: Information Technology;

KMO: Kayser Meyer Olkin;

MRP: Manufacturing Resource Planning;

NTIC: New Technologies of Information and Communication;

OCP: Office Cherifien of Phosphates;

ONE: National Office of Electricity;

ONEP: National Office of Drinking Water;

PCA: Principal Component Analysis;

PCF: Principal Component Factor

Acknowledgments

I thank all the authors who have contributed to the realization of this work.

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47. Pearl Keitemoge, Daniel Tetteh Narh, "Effective Application of Information System for Purchase Process Optimization", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 594–605, 2020. doi: 10.25046/aj050673
48. Kamal Jaiswal, Serdar Dalkilic, Evangelos Papageorgiou, Balgopal Singh, "Aviation MRO: Impact of Physical Environment Factors on Job Performance in Aircraft Maintenance Organization", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 148–154, 2020. doi: 10.25046/aj050617
49. Klyagin Viktor Anatolievich, Laushin Dmitry Andreevich, "The Impact Assessment of the Errors in Determining the Mass and Zero Lift-Drag Coefficient on the Aircraft’s Performance Data", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 118–126, 2020. doi: 10.25046/aj050613
50. Yonatan López Santos, Diana Sánchez-Partida, Patricia Cano-Olivos, "Strategic Model to Assess the Sustainability and Competitiveness of Focal Agri-Food Smes and their Supply Chains: A Vision Beyond COVID 19", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 1214–1224, 2020. doi: 10.25046/aj0505147
51. Irin Tri Anggraini, Achmad Basuki, Nobuo Funabiki, Xiqin Lu, Chih-Peng Fan, Yu-Chung Hsu, Cheng-Hsien Lin, "A Proposal of Exercise and Performance Learning Assistant System for Self-Practice at Home", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 1196–1203, 2020. doi: 10.25046/aj0505145
52. Thi Anh Van Nguyen, Khac Hieu Nguyen, "The Impact of Innovation on the Performance of Manufacturing Enterprises in Vietnam", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 984–990, 2020. doi: 10.25046/aj0505120
53. Fayza A. Nada, "Performance Analysis of Selective Repeat ARQ Protocol Used in Digital Data Transmission Over Unreliable Channels", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 927–933, 2020. doi: 10.25046/aj0505113
54. Kofi Osei-Tutu, Yeong-Tae Song, "Enterprise Architecture Institutionalization for Health Information Exchange (HIE) Cloud Migration", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 680–691, 2020. doi: 10.25046/aj050584
55. Mika Karjalainen, Tero Kokkonen, "Review of Pedagogical Principles of Cyber Security Exercises", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 592–600, 2020. doi: 10.25046/aj050572
56. Nghia Duong-Trung, Nga Quynh Thi Tang, Xuan Son Ha, "Interpretation of Machine Learning Models for Medical Diagnosis", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 469–477, 2020. doi: 10.25046/aj050558
57. Sanaz Gheibi, Tania Banerjee, Sanjay Ranka, Sartaj Sahni, "Fine Tuning the Performance of Parallel Codes", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 824–840, 2020. doi: 10.25046/aj050497
58. Supalak Sathiracheewin, Patamaporn Sripadungtham, Settakorn Kamuang, "Performance Analysis of Grid-Connected PV Rooftop, at Sakon Nakhon Province, Thailand", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 816–823, 2020. doi: 10.25046/aj050496
59. Santo Fernandi Wijaya, Harjanto Prabowo, Ford Lumban Gaol, Meyliana, "Determination of ERP Readiness Assessment using Agile Parameters: A Case Study", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 733–740, 2020. doi: 10.25046/aj050487
60. Md. Motlubar Rahman, Mohammad Monir Uddin, Laek Sazzad Andallah, Mahtab Uddin, "Interpolatory Projection Techniques for H2 Optimal Structure-Preserving Model Order Reduction of Second-Order Systems", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 715–723, 2020. doi: 10.25046/aj050485
61. Fayza Ahmed Nada, "Performance Analysis of Go-Back-N ARQ Protocol Used in Data Transmission Over Noisy Channels", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 612–617, 2020. doi: 10.25046/aj050472
62. Pratik Kumar Singh, Fadillah Binti Ismail, Chan Shiau Wei, Muhammad Imran, Syed Ashfaq Ahmed, "A Framework of E-Procurement Technology for Sustainable Procurement in ISO 14001 Certified Firms in Malaysia", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 424–431, 2020. doi: 10.25046/aj050450
63. Dharamsotu Bheekya, Kanakapodi Swarupa Rani, Salman Abdul Moiz, Chillarige Raghavendra Rao, "A Novel Representative k-NN Sampling-based Clustering Approach for an Effective Dimensionality Reduction-based Visualization of Dynamic Data", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 08–23, 2020. doi: 10.25046/aj050402
64. Rafidah Abd Karim, Airil Haimi Mohd Adnan, Mohd Haniff Mohd Tahir, Mohd Hafiz Mat Adam, Noorzaina Idris, Izwah Ismail, "The Application of Mobile Learning Technologies at Malaysian Universities Through Mind Mapping Apps for Augmenting Writing Performance", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 510–517, 2020. doi: 10.25046/aj050363
65. Md. Imdadul Hoque, Abul kalam Azad, Mohammad Abu Hurayra Tuhin, Zayed Us Salehin, "University Students Result Analysis and Prediction System by Decision Tree Algorithm", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 115–122, 2020. doi: 10.25046/aj050315
66. Farirai Chitsa, Tiko Iyamu, "Towards Enterprise Technical Architecture for the Implementation of the South African NHI", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 724–729, 2020. doi: 10.25046/aj050290
67. Emmanuel Peters, George Kwamina Aggrey, "An ISO 25010 Based Quality Model for ERP Systems", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 578–583, 2020. doi: 10.25046/aj050272
68. Gede Indrawan, I Made Agus Oka Gunawan, Sariyasa, "The Usability Evaluation of Academic Progress Information System (SIsKA-NG)", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 460–468, 2020. doi: 10.25046/aj050259
69. Juliy Boiko, Ilya Pyatin, Oleksander Eromenko, Oleg Barabash, "Methodology for Assessing Synchronization Conditions in Telecommunication Devices", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 320–327, 2020. doi: 10.25046/aj050242
70. Jorge Castro-Bedriñana, Doris Chirinos-Peinado, Felipe Zenteno-Vigo, Gianfranco Castro-Chirinos, "Satisfaction of Old Graduates of Zootechnical Engineering for Improvement of Educational Quality at the UNCP", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 166–173, 2020. doi: 10.25046/aj050221
71. Dora Yvonne Arce Santillan, Omar Freddy Chamorro Atalaya, Yesica Pamela Leandro Chacón, Jorge Isaac Castro Bedriñana, Elizabeth Rosario Martínez Santillán, "The Proportionality of Women Graduated from the Professional Career of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering at UNTELS: Analysis of their Academic Performance and Labor Field of Action", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 368–372, 2020. doi: 10.25046/aj050147
72. Vladyslav Kucher, Jens Hunloh, Sergei Gorlatch, "Performance Portability and Unified Profiling for Finite Element Methods on Parallel Systems", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 119–127, 2020. doi: 10.25046/aj050116
73. Anh Son Tran, Ha Quang Thinh Ngo, "Constrained Path Planning for Both Smooth Motion Profile and Stable Control", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 93–99, 2020. doi: 10.25046/aj050112
74. Mariam Houti, Laila El Abbadi, Abdellah Abouabdellah, "CSFs for the Implementation of the Hybrid Lean ERP System. Stakeholders Interactions", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 443–447, 2019. doi: 10.25046/aj040655
75. Aref Hassan Kurd Ali, Halikul Lenando, Mohamad Alrfaay, Slim Chaoui, Haithem Ben Chikha, Akram Ajouli, "Performance Analysis of Routing Protocols in Resource-Constrained Opportunistic Networks", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 402–413, 2019. doi: 10.25046/aj040651
76. Omar Freddy Chamorro Atalaya, Dora Yvonne Arce Santillan, Jorge Isaac Castro Bedriñana, Yesica Pamela Leandro Chacón, Martin Díaz Choque, "The Correlation of the Specific and Global Performance of Teachers in UNTELS Engineering Schools", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 196–202, 2019. doi: 10.25046/aj040625
77. Andary Dadang Yuliyono, Abba Suganda Girsang, "Artificial Bee Colony-Optimized LSTM for Bitcoin Price Prediction", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 375–383, 2019. doi: 10.25046/aj040549
78. Ramachandran Ravi Sowmiyasree, Nachimuthu Maheswari, Manickam Sivagami, "Improving the Performance of Hadoop Framework Using Optimization Process in the Information Management", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 327–333, 2019. doi: 10.25046/aj040542
79. Lajmi Imen, Masmoudi Wassim, Elleuch Mounir, Chtourou Hedi, "Improvement opportunities of a Simulation/Expert System Approach for Manufacturing System Sizing: A review and proposal", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 213–223, 2019. doi: 10.25046/aj040527
80. Nadia Mountaj, El-Mehdi Hamzaoui, Mohamed Majid Himmi, Mireille Besson, "Development of Wavelet-Based Tools for Event Related Potentials’ N400 Detection: Application to Visual and Auditory Vowelling and Semantic Priming in Arabic Language", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 414–420, 2019. doi: 10.25046/aj040450
81. Mukundan Kandadai Agaram, "Intelligent Foundations for Knowledge Based Systems", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 73–93, 2019. doi: 10.25046/aj040410
82. Fernando Hernández, Roberto Vega, Freddy Tapia, Derlin Morocho, Walter Fuertes, "Early Detection of Alzheimer’s Using Digital Image Processing Through Iridology, An Alternative Method", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 126–137, 2019. doi: 10.25046/aj040317
83. Husni Teja Sukmana, Luh Kesuma Wardhani, Sarah Khairunnisa, Kyung Oh Lee, Risa Wati, "ITSM Software Ranking for Small Medium Enterprises Based on ITIL V3 Quick Win Criteria using Fuzzy SIR Method", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 288–298, 2019. doi: 10.25046/aj040237
84. Holilah, Abba Suganda Girsang, Melva Hermayanty Saragih, "Designing IT Blue Print Academic System on Higher Education with Togaf", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 244–250, 2019. doi: 10.25046/aj040232
85. Muhammad Usman Sheikh, Ritayan Biswas, Jukka Lempiainen, Riku Jantti, "Assessment of Coordinated Multipoint Transmission Modes for Indoor and Outdoor Users at 28 GHz in Urban Macrocellular Environment", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 119–126, 2019. doi: 10.25046/aj040216
86. Lev Lafayette, Bernd Wiebelt, Dirk von Suchdoletz, Helena Rasche, Michael Janczyk, Daniel Tosello, "The Chimera and the Cyborg", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 1–7, 2019. doi: 10.25046/aj040201
87. János Végh, József Vásárhelyi, Dániel Drótos, "Can parallelization save the (computing) world?", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 141–158, 2019. doi: 10.25046/aj040114
88. Waleed Al Shehri, Maher Khemakhem, Abdullah Basuhail, Fathy E. Eassa, "A Proposed Architecture for Parallel HPC-based Resource Management System for Big Data Applications", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 40–44, 2019. doi: 10.25046/aj040105
89. Yuki Takaoka, Takashi Kawakami, Ryosuke Ooe, "Emergence of Fun Emotion in Computer Games -An experimental study on fun elements of Hanafuda-", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 314–318, 2018. doi: 10.25046/aj030638
90. Moises Levy, Daniel Raviv, "An Overview of Data Center Metrics and a Novel Approach for a New Family of Metrics", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 238–251, 2018. doi: 10.25046/aj030228
91. Zheng Li, Maria Kihl, Yiqun Chen, He Zhang, "Two-Stage Performance Engineering of Container-based Virtualization", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 521–536, 2018. doi: 10.25046/aj030163
92. Aneta George, Liam Peyton, Voicu Groza, "Systematic Tool Support of Engineering Education Performance Management", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 418–425, 2018. doi: 10.25046/aj030151
93. Muhammad Usman Sheikh, Jukka Lempiainen, "Analysis of Outdoor and Indoor Propagation at 15 GHz and Millimeter Wave Frequencies in Microcellular Environment", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 160–167, 2018. doi: 10.25046/aj030120
94. Ruijian Zhang, Deren Li, "Applying Machine Learning and High Performance Computing to Water Quality Assessment and Prediction", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 285–289, 2017. doi: 10.25046/aj020635
95. Habib Smei, Kamel Smiri, Abderrazak Jemai, "A New profiling and pipelining approach for HEVC Decoder on ZedBoard Platform", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 40–48, 2017. doi: 10.25046/aj020605
96. Moises Levy, Jason O. Hallstrom, "A Reliable, Non-Invasive Approach to Data Center Monitoring and Management", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 1577–1584, 2017. doi: 10.25046/aj0203196
97. Aly Chkeir, Farah Mourad-Chehade, Jacques Beau, Monique Maurice, Sandra Komarzynski, Francis Levi, David J. Hewson, Jacques Duchêne, "A novel algorithm for detecting human circadian rhythms using a thoracic temperature sensor", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 105–110, 2017. doi: 10.25046/aj020414
98. Michael Fries, Markus Lienkamp, "Predictive Technology Management for the Identification of Future Development Trends and the Maximum Achievable Potential Based on a Quantitative Analysis", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 1042–1049, 2017. doi: 10.25046/aj0203132
99. Furqan Jameel, Faisal, M Asif Ali Haider, Amir Aziz Butt, "Security in SWIPT with Power Splitting Eavesdropper", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 384–388, 2017. doi: 10.25046/aj020349
100. Mona A. Abou-Of, Amr A. Sedky, Ahmed H. Taha, "Power-Energy Simulation for Multi-Core Processors in Bench-marking", Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 255–262, 2017. doi: 10.25046/aj020131